Active & Passive Voice Rules in English grammar

Active & Passive Voice Rules in English grammar:


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✍️ Active & Passive Voice – Rules

🔹 1. Structure

Active Voice → Subject + Verb + Object

Passive Voice → Object + “Be” Verb + Past Participle (+ by Subject)



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🔹 2. General Rules

✅ Object of Active → Subject of Passive
✅ Verb changes to correct form of be + past participle
✅ Subject of Active → “by + subject” (optional if clear)


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🔹 3. Tense-wise Conversion

Present Tense

Active: She writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by her.


Past Tense

Active: He cleaned the room.

Passive: The room was cleaned by him.


Future Tense

Active: They will build a house.

Passive: A house will be built by them.


Present Perfect

Active: She has finished the work.

Passive: The work has been finished by her.


Past Perfect

Active: He had written the book.

Passive: The book had been written by him.


Future Perfect

Active: They will have completed the project.

Passive: The project will have been completed by them.



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🔹 4. Cases Where Passive Not Used

❌ Future continuous (e.g., will be doing)
❌ Perfect continuous (e.g., has been doing)


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🔹 5. Special Cases

Imperative:

Active: Open the door.

Passive: Let the door be opened.


Questions:

Active: Who wrote this poem?

Passive: By whom was this poem written?




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📌 Tip: Always check tense & object before converting.


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