Class 5 Social Studies Chapter 20 Notes cover all the topics in a simplified and precise way. Class 5 Social Studies Chapter Notes are easy to understand and learn for exams. Class 5 Social Studies Chapter Notes are very helpful in a quick revision for the chapter – Gandhiji Leads the Nation.
Class 5 Social Studies Chapter 20 Notes
Return of Gandhiji to India
>Gandhiji returned to India in 1915 while World War I was going on.
>After coming to India, Gandhiji visited many places to understand the conditions of people.
>Gandhiji was shocked to know that our society was divided and backward by social evil like the caste system.
>It was necessary to remove these social evils to unify Indians.
Gandhiji as a Leader
>Gandhiji wanted to reform our society.
>He called the untouchables “Harijans” which means the “people of God”.
>Gandhiji got respect and support from the people.
>Gandhiji became a leader and had millions of followers.
The Rowlatt Act, 1919
>The British became harsher towards Indians and made a law to keep Indians under control.
>If anybody was found against British rule, he was arrested with any trial and put into jail.
>This law was the Rowlatt Act.
>People were not happy with the law and opposed it.
>Gandhiji started his Satyagraha Movement against the law.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
>On 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, about 10,000 people gathered in Jallianwala Bagh.
>This gathering was a peaceful meeting of the people.
>British General Dyer ordered his soldiers to close the gates of the Bagh and fire bullets at the people.
>Bullets were fired on innocent people for 10 minutes.
>Thousands of people were killed or injured.
>This Jallianwala Bagh Massacre shocked the whole nation.
>General Dyer was pardoned by the House of Lords in Britain.
Non-Cooperation Movement
>The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the attitude of the British became the reasons for the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
>Indians stopped cooperating with the British.
>Many people resigned from their jobs, lawyers boycotted the courts and children were withdrawn from the British schools.
>Throughout India, men, women and children protested in streets.
>People kept protesting even if beaten by the British Police.
>Many important leaders including Gandhiji were arrested.
>Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad were some of the prominent leaders particiapted in the movement.
The Chauri Chaura Incidence
>People protesting against the British set fire to a police station.
>22 Policemen were killed in Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh in 1922.
>Gandhiji believed in non-violence.
>Gandhiji considered this incidence as a failure and stopped the movement.
