NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Notes covers all the topics in a precise and simplified way. NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Notes are easy to understand and learn for exams. NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Notes can be very useful for a quick revision of the chapter – Rural Livelihood.
NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Notes
Types of Livelihood Activities in Rural Areas
(1) Farming activities
>Farm Labourers
>Small Farmers
>Big Farmers
(2) Non-farm activities
>Crafts persons
>Shop Keepers
>Small Traders
>Service Workers
>Labourers
(3) Other Activities
>Animal husbandry
>Dairy Production
>Fishing
>Gathering from forests
| Craftspersons | Blacksmiths, Potters, Weavers, etc. |
| Service workers | Washermen, Mechanic, Teachers, Drivers, Barbers, Nurses, Tailors, etc. |
| Construction workers | Masons, laborers, Bricklayers, construction material suppliers, etc. |
| Shopkeepers | Small traders, grocery sellers, cloth sellers, hawkers, vegetable vendors, etc. |
Farm Laborers
Nearly two-fifth of all rural families are agricultural laborers in our country.
>Don’t get regular work.
>Have to work hard.
>Get very low wages.
>Have no choice but to work.
>Look for other works when there are no farm works.
>Have no savings and have to borrow money in case of need.
>May have to migrate to other places in search of work.
Small Farmers
About 80% of the farmers in India are small farmers.
>Own small piece of land.
>Small farmers help each other on farm works.
>Get loan for purchasing seeds and fertilizers.
>Money lenders take advantage of these small farmers.
>Sometimes, small farmers also keep cows, buffaloes, etc.
>Income is very less, so farmers get trapped in debt.
Debt Trap
Crop production depend upon the seed quality, fertilizers, monsoon, etc. If the crop production is not sufficient then farmer are unable to pay their debts. Sometimes, farmers may have to borrow more money. Loan becomes so large that farmers are unable to repay and they are caught in a Debt Trap.
In recent years, this has become a major cause of distress among farmers that leads to farmers’ suicide.
Big Farmers
About 20% farmers of the farmers in India are big farmers.
>Crop production is large.
>Huge profits are earned.
>Part of the profits is again spent in expanding farm activities.
>Big farmers also start some businesses, production works, trading or moneylending.
>Give work to farm labourers and small farmers.
Lives of Fishermen
>Live near seas or rivers.
>Start fishing early in the morning.
>Wives of the fishermen sell the fishes in the market.
>Sometimes, fishermen get loans for purchasing nets, boats, etc.
>The income is uncertain as it may be affected storms.
>Fishing is not carried out during 4 months of Monsoon when fishes breed. During this period, family of fishermen survive on money borrowed from traders.
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